A new kind of biometric government is developing in the territories of the old European empires. In my wider work I argue that the 20th century history of modern South Africa has been the most important laboratory for the types of administration that are developing in these countries. In this paper I review the genealogy of biometrics in India which, like Argentina and the USA, has played an important role as an incubator of the global biometric state.
Breckenridge2011_0.pdf